The effect of strategic behavior typology on organizational excellence
“A study of the opinions of the heads of scientific departments in a number of private universities in the kurdistan region of Iraq”
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26436/hjuoz.2023.11.1.1001Keywords:
Strategic Behavior, Organizational excellence, Mile and snow typology, Private Universities.Abstract
Global competition, a dynamic environment, and shrinking resources have created a lot of pressure on today's institutions including private higher education institutions (HEIs). Hence, the need for efficient strategic tools and keys capable of not only ensuring efficient use of resources but, also responding to the rapid dynamism of today's environment to gain organizational excellence and to enhance the performance of higher education institutions and their importance as well. The current study examined the direct effect of strategic Behavior (SB) on organizational excellence (OE). The data was gathered from 181 heads of scientific departments from a number of private universities in the Kurdistan region, which were analyzed using the both PLS-SEM version (4.0.7), and the Spss version (26). The results of the analysis showed that strategic Behavior (SB) had significantly related to organizational excellence (OE), the results also present that strategic Behavior has a significant effect on organizational excellence except for the reactor’s Behavior pattern, which had an insignificant effect on organizational excellence. Thus, the results of the current study will give additional insights into the appropriate strategic Behavior patterns to reach organizational excellence in private universities in the Kurdistan Region.
References
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the Capacities and Capabilities of Educational Leadership, Analytical Study of the
Opinions of a Sample of Academic Leaders in Iraqi Universities. Tikrit Journal of
Administration & Economic Sciences, 2(38), 1-29.
Arshad, A. D., Razalli, M. R., Abu Bakar, L. J., Ahmad, H., and Mahmood, R. 2015.
Exploring the incidence of strategic improvisation: Evidence from Malaysian
government link corporations. Asian Social Science, 11(24), 105-112.
Antony, J.P. and Bhattacharyya, S. 2010 Measuring Organizational Performance and
Organizational Excellence of SMEs—Part 2: An Empirical Study on SMEs in
India. Measuring Business Excellence,14,42-52.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13683041011074209.
AL-Abrrow, H., Abdullah, H. and Atshan, N., 2018. Effect of organisational integrity and
leadership behaviour on organisational excellence: Mediator role of work
engagement. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 27(4),
pp.972-985.
Al-Swidi, A. K., and Mahmood, R. 2011. How does organizational culture shape the?
relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and the organizational
performance of banks? European Journal of Social Sciences, 20(1), 28-46
Altaha, L.D.S.M.M. and ALhilali, K.H., 2020. The extent contribution of Strategic
Ambidexterity in an Organizational Excellence An Analytical Study at Northern
Cement State Company. Tikrit Journal of Administration and Economics
Sciences, 16(50 Part 1).
Al-Khalidi, A. 2020. The impact of strategic behavior and entrepreneurial orientation on
the success of competitive strategies: The mediating role of organizational
excellence. Doctoral thesis, University of Karbala, college of business and
management.
AL-Fatlawey, M.H., Brias, A.K. and Atiyah, A.G., 2021. The role of Strategic Behavior in
achievement the Organizational Excellence" Analytical research of the
manager’s views of Ur State Company at Thi-Qar
Governorate”. journal of administration and economics, 10(37).
Al-Khafaji, N., and Al-Ghalbi,Tahir. 2010. Theory of the organization. business entry,
Amman: Dar Amman.
Khalaf, Z. A. A., and Hamed, S. A. 2022. Strategic Behavior and Role in Organizational
Excellence, Senior Leadership Sample Field Research at the University of
Karbala. Zien Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 7, 28-40.
Al-Harriry, M. 2012. Human Resources Department, Amman, Dar Al-Bidaa for
Publishing and Distribution.
Alhefiti, S., Ameen, A., and Bhaumik, A. 2019. The impact of the leadership and strategy
management on organizational excellence: moderating role of organizational
culture. Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems, 6,
748-759.
Bland, M. 2016. Missing data in randomised controlled trials evaluating palliative
interventions: a systematic review and metaanalysis. The Lancet, 387, S53.
http://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00440-2.
Bagozzi, R. P., and Yi, Y. 1988. On the evaluation of structural equation models. Journal
of the academy of marketing science, 16(1), 74-94.
Behling, G., & Lenzi, F. C. 2019. Entrepreneurial Competencies and Strategic Behavior:
a Study of Micro Entrepreneurs in an Emerging Country. Brazilian Business
Review, 16(3), 255–272. https://doi.org/10.15728/bbr.2019.16.3.4
Cumberland, D. m., Meek, W. r., and Germain, R. 2015. Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy
And Firm Performance In Challenging Environments: Evidence From The
Franchise Context. Journal of Developmental, 20(1), 19. http://doi.org/
10.1142/S1084946715500041.
Cunningham, G.B., 2002. Examining the relationship among Miles and Snow's strategic
types and measures of organizational effectiveness in NCAA Division I
athletic departments. International review for the sociology of sport, 37(2),
pp.159-175.
Chin, W. W. 1998. The partial least squares approach to structural equation
modeling. Modern methods for business research, 295(2), 295-336.
Enquist, B., Johnson, M. and Rönnbäck, Å. 2015, "The paradigm shift to Business
Excellence 2.0", International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences, Vol. 7
No. 2/3, pp. 321-333. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJQSS-03-2015-0032
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. 1981. Structural equation models with unobservable
variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistics. Journal of marketing
research, 382-388.
Gresov, C. & Drazin, R 2000, "Functional Equivalence in Organization Design",
Journal of Management Review,22(2):403-428.
Hair, J.F., Ringle, C.M. and Sarstedt, M., 2011. PLS-SEM: Indeed, a silver bullet. Journal
of Marketing Theory and Practice, 19(2), pp.139-152.
Hair, J. F. J., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C., and Sarstedt, M. 2014. A Primer on Partial Least
Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), 46 Long Range Planning 328
London: Thousand Oaks: SAGE. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2013.01.002
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., and Sarstedt, M. 2017. A Primer on Partial
Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), 2nd Ed., Sage:
Thousand Oaks.
Hair, J.F., Risher, J.J., Sarstedt, M. and Ringle, C.M., 2019. When to use and how to
report the results of PLS-SEM. European business review, 31(1), pp.2-24.
Hassan H., F. and. Lafta., B., S., 2020. The impact of Proactiveness and analysis strategic orientation tax organizational excellence Practical research in the General Authority for Taxes. Journal of Accounting and Financial Studies, 15(50).
Hastheetham, A., & Hadikusumo, B. H. 2011. The theoretical framework of strategic
behaviors in Thai contractors: An empirical case study. Engineering,
Construction and Architectural Management.
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., and Sinkovics, R. R. 2009. The use of partial least squares
path modeling in international marketing. In New challenges to international
marketing (pp. 277-319). Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
Hung, R.Y.Y., 2006. Business process management as competitive advantage: a review
and empirical study. Total quality management & business excellence, 17(1),
pp.21-40.
Hussain, T., Edgeman, R., Eskildsen, J., Shoukry, A. M., & Gani, S. 2018. Sustainable
enterprise excellence: Attribute-based assessme protocol. Sustainability, 10(11),
4097.
Ingram, T., Kraśnicka, T., Wronka-Pośpiech, M., Głód, G., and Głód, W. 2016.
Relationships between miles and snow strategic types and organizational
performance in polish production companies. Journal of Management and
Business Administration. Central Europe, (1), 17-45.
Gavetti, G., 2012. Perspective: Toward a behavioral theory of strategy. Organization
Science Journal, 23(1), 267-285.
Götz, O., Liehr-Gobbers, K., and Krafft, M. 2010. Evaluation of structural equation
models using the partial least squares (PLS) approach. In Handbook of partial least
squares (pp. 691-711). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
Kazemi, A., Javanmard, H., and Mohammadi, R. 2017. Determining the Relationship
between the Effective Factors of Strategic Behavior: A Case Study for Social
Insurance Company of Tehran. East Asian Journal of Business Management, 7(1),
5-12. doi: 10.13106/eajbm.2017.vol7.no1.5.
Miles, R.E., Snow, C.C., 1978, Organizational strategy, structure and process, New
York, McGraw-Hill.
Mann R, Abbas A., 2015 National business excellence awards and initiatives. Centre for
Organizational Excellence Research. Available http://blog.bpir.com/wpcontent/
uploads/2015/04/D72-mus-National-Quality- Business-Excellence-Awards-11-
April-2015.pdf.
Nenadál, J., Vykydal, D. and Waloszek, D., 2018. Organizational excellence: approaches,
models and their use at Czech organizations. Quality innovation
prosperity, 22(2), pp.47-64.
Naipinit, T., Kojchavivong, S., Kowittayakorn, V., and Sakolnakorn, T. P. N. 2014.
McKinsey 7S model for supply chain management of local SMEs construction
business in the upper northeast region of Thailand. Asian Social Science, 10(8), 35.
Latan, H., Jabbour, C. J. C., de Sousa Jabbour, A. B. L., Wamba, S. F., & Shahbaz, M.
(2018). Effects of environmental strategy, environmental uncertainty and top
management's commitment on corporate environmental performance: The role of
environmental management accounting. Journal of cleaner production, 180, 297-
Larsson, J. and Vinberg, S., 2010. Leadership behavior in successful organizations:
Universal or situation-dependent? Quality control and applied statistics, 55(3),
pp.217-218.
Olson, E.M., Slater, S.F. and Hult, G.T.M., 2005. The performance implications of fit
among business strategy, marketing organization structure, and strategic
behavior. Journal of Marketing, 69(3), pp.49-65.
Powell, C., Lovallo, D., & Fox, C. (2011). Behavioral strategy. Strategic Management
Journal, 32(13), 1369-1386.
Pittino, D and Visintin, F. 2009, "Innovation and Strategic Types of Family SME. A Test
And Extension of Miles and Snow’s Configurational Model", Journal Enterprising
Culture, 6(4):257-295.
Pil, F.K. and Rothenberg, S., 2003. Environmental performance as a driver of superior
quality. Production and operations management, 12(3), pp.404-415.
Quddu, H., Al-Sebawi, A.,and Abboudi, S., 2007. The Effect of Organizational Culture on
Determining the Strategic Behavior of Senior Management: A Field Study in a
Sample of Joint-Stock Industrial Companies. Journal of Futuristic Research, (18),
45-76.
Ringrose, D., 2013. Development of an organizational excellence framework. The TQM
Journal Development, 25(4), 441–452. http://doi.org/10.1108/17542731311314917.
Roberts, P.W. and Dowling, G.R., 2000, August. reputation and sustained superior
financial performance. In Academy of Management Proceedings (Vol. 2000, No.
1, pp. M1-M6). Briarcliff Manor, NY 10510: Academy of Management.
Ringle, C. M., Wende, S., and Becker, J.-M. 2015. SmartPLS 3. Bonningstedt: SmartPLS.
Journal of Service Science and Management, 10(3), pp.32-49.
Robson, D., Sadler, P., & Newman, G. 2014. Carbon sequestered in UK forest products
and wood-based panels in construction: helping to meet UK’s greenhouse gas
emission reduction targets. International Wood Products Journal, 5(3), 139-145.
Smith, J., and Fingar, C. 2003. Business Process Management: The Third wave. Florida:
Meghan-Kiffer Press.184
Selya, A. S., Rose, J. S., Dierker, L. C., Hedeker, D.,and Mermelstein, R. J. 2012. A
practical guide to calculating Cohen’sf 2, a measure of local effect size, from PROC
MIXED. Frontiers in Psychology, 3, 111.
Shelton, C.; Darling, J, and Walker, W., 2010. Foundations of Organizational Excellence:
Leadership Values, Strategies, and Skills, LTA, Vol.1, No.2.
Valliappan R. and Chetty, Phung, S., 2018. "Conceptualizing the Application for
Ethereum Blockchains: Front End Application Development". Eurasian
Journal of Analytical Chemistry 13 no. 6 emEJAC181124.
Wulf, T., Stubner ,S., and Blarr,W. 2010. Ambidexterity and Concept of Fit in Strategic
Management – Which Better Predicts Success? Annual Conference of the European
Academy of Management, 19(22), 243-271.
the Capacities and Capabilities of Educational Leadership, Analytical Study of the
Opinions of a Sample of Academic Leaders in Iraqi Universities. Tikrit Journal of
Administration & Economic Sciences, 2(38), 1-29.
Arshad, A. D., Razalli, M. R., Abu Bakar, L. J., Ahmad, H., and Mahmood, R. 2015.
Exploring the incidence of strategic improvisation: Evidence from Malaysian
government link corporations. Asian Social Science, 11(24), 105-112.
Antony, J.P. and Bhattacharyya, S. 2010 Measuring Organizational Performance and
Organizational Excellence of SMEs—Part 2: An Empirical Study on SMEs in
India. Measuring Business Excellence,14,42-52.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13683041011074209.
AL-Abrrow, H., Abdullah, H. and Atshan, N., 2018. Effect of organisational integrity and
leadership behaviour on organisational excellence: Mediator role of work
engagement. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 27(4),
pp.972-985.
Al-Swidi, A. K., and Mahmood, R. 2011. How does organizational culture shape the?
relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and the organizational
performance of banks? European Journal of Social Sciences, 20(1), 28-46
Altaha, L.D.S.M.M. and ALhilali, K.H., 2020. The extent contribution of Strategic
Ambidexterity in an Organizational Excellence An Analytical Study at Northern
Cement State Company. Tikrit Journal of Administration and Economics
Sciences, 16(50 Part 1).
Al-Khalidi, A. 2020. The impact of strategic behavior and entrepreneurial orientation on
the success of competitive strategies: The mediating role of organizational
excellence. Doctoral thesis, University of Karbala, college of business and
management.
AL-Fatlawey, M.H., Brias, A.K. and Atiyah, A.G., 2021. The role of Strategic Behavior in
achievement the Organizational Excellence" Analytical research of the
manager’s views of Ur State Company at Thi-Qar
Governorate”. journal of administration and economics, 10(37).
Al-Khafaji, N., and Al-Ghalbi,Tahir. 2010. Theory of the organization. business entry,
Amman: Dar Amman.
Khalaf, Z. A. A., and Hamed, S. A. 2022. Strategic Behavior and Role in Organizational
Excellence, Senior Leadership Sample Field Research at the University of
Karbala. Zien Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 7, 28-40.
Al-Harriry, M. 2012. Human Resources Department, Amman, Dar Al-Bidaa for
Publishing and Distribution.
Alhefiti, S., Ameen, A., and Bhaumik, A. 2019. The impact of the leadership and strategy
management on organizational excellence: moderating role of organizational
culture. Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems, 6,
748-759.
Bland, M. 2016. Missing data in randomised controlled trials evaluating palliative
interventions: a systematic review and metaanalysis. The Lancet, 387, S53.
http://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00440-2.
Bagozzi, R. P., and Yi, Y. 1988. On the evaluation of structural equation models. Journal
of the academy of marketing science, 16(1), 74-94.
Behling, G., & Lenzi, F. C. 2019. Entrepreneurial Competencies and Strategic Behavior:
a Study of Micro Entrepreneurs in an Emerging Country. Brazilian Business
Review, 16(3), 255–272. https://doi.org/10.15728/bbr.2019.16.3.4
Cumberland, D. m., Meek, W. r., and Germain, R. 2015. Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy
And Firm Performance In Challenging Environments: Evidence From The
Franchise Context. Journal of Developmental, 20(1), 19. http://doi.org/
10.1142/S1084946715500041.
Cunningham, G.B., 2002. Examining the relationship among Miles and Snow's strategic
types and measures of organizational effectiveness in NCAA Division I
athletic departments. International review for the sociology of sport, 37(2),
pp.159-175.
Chin, W. W. 1998. The partial least squares approach to structural equation
modeling. Modern methods for business research, 295(2), 295-336.
Enquist, B., Johnson, M. and Rönnbäck, Å. 2015, "The paradigm shift to Business
Excellence 2.0", International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences, Vol. 7
No. 2/3, pp. 321-333. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJQSS-03-2015-0032
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. 1981. Structural equation models with unobservable
variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistics. Journal of marketing
research, 382-388.
Gresov, C. & Drazin, R 2000, "Functional Equivalence in Organization Design",
Journal of Management Review,22(2):403-428.
Hair, J.F., Ringle, C.M. and Sarstedt, M., 2011. PLS-SEM: Indeed, a silver bullet. Journal
of Marketing Theory and Practice, 19(2), pp.139-152.
Hair, J. F. J., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C., and Sarstedt, M. 2014. A Primer on Partial Least
Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), 46 Long Range Planning 328
London: Thousand Oaks: SAGE. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2013.01.002
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., and Sarstedt, M. 2017. A Primer on Partial
Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), 2nd Ed., Sage:
Thousand Oaks.
Hair, J.F., Risher, J.J., Sarstedt, M. and Ringle, C.M., 2019. When to use and how to
report the results of PLS-SEM. European business review, 31(1), pp.2-24.
Hassan H., F. and. Lafta., B., S., 2020. The impact of Proactiveness and analysis strategic orientation tax organizational excellence Practical research in the General Authority for Taxes. Journal of Accounting and Financial Studies, 15(50).
Hastheetham, A., & Hadikusumo, B. H. 2011. The theoretical framework of strategic
behaviors in Thai contractors: An empirical case study. Engineering,
Construction and Architectural Management.
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., and Sinkovics, R. R. 2009. The use of partial least squares
path modeling in international marketing. In New challenges to international
marketing (pp. 277-319). Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
Hung, R.Y.Y., 2006. Business process management as competitive advantage: a review
and empirical study. Total quality management & business excellence, 17(1),
pp.21-40.
Hussain, T., Edgeman, R., Eskildsen, J., Shoukry, A. M., & Gani, S. 2018. Sustainable
enterprise excellence: Attribute-based assessme protocol. Sustainability, 10(11),
4097.
Ingram, T., Kraśnicka, T., Wronka-Pośpiech, M., Głód, G., and Głód, W. 2016.
Relationships between miles and snow strategic types and organizational
performance in polish production companies. Journal of Management and
Business Administration. Central Europe, (1), 17-45.
Gavetti, G., 2012. Perspective: Toward a behavioral theory of strategy. Organization
Science Journal, 23(1), 267-285.
Götz, O., Liehr-Gobbers, K., and Krafft, M. 2010. Evaluation of structural equation
models using the partial least squares (PLS) approach. In Handbook of partial least
squares (pp. 691-711). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
Kazemi, A., Javanmard, H., and Mohammadi, R. 2017. Determining the Relationship
between the Effective Factors of Strategic Behavior: A Case Study for Social
Insurance Company of Tehran. East Asian Journal of Business Management, 7(1),
5-12. doi: 10.13106/eajbm.2017.vol7.no1.5.
Miles, R.E., Snow, C.C., 1978, Organizational strategy, structure and process, New
York, McGraw-Hill.
Mann R, Abbas A., 2015 National business excellence awards and initiatives. Centre for
Organizational Excellence Research. Available http://blog.bpir.com/wpcontent/
uploads/2015/04/D72-mus-National-Quality- Business-Excellence-Awards-11-
April-2015.pdf.
Nenadál, J., Vykydal, D. and Waloszek, D., 2018. Organizational excellence: approaches,
models and their use at Czech organizations. Quality innovation
prosperity, 22(2), pp.47-64.
Naipinit, T., Kojchavivong, S., Kowittayakorn, V., and Sakolnakorn, T. P. N. 2014.
McKinsey 7S model for supply chain management of local SMEs construction
business in the upper northeast region of Thailand. Asian Social Science, 10(8), 35.
Latan, H., Jabbour, C. J. C., de Sousa Jabbour, A. B. L., Wamba, S. F., & Shahbaz, M.
(2018). Effects of environmental strategy, environmental uncertainty and top
management's commitment on corporate environmental performance: The role of
environmental management accounting. Journal of cleaner production, 180, 297-
Larsson, J. and Vinberg, S., 2010. Leadership behavior in successful organizations:
Universal or situation-dependent? Quality control and applied statistics, 55(3),
pp.217-218.
Olson, E.M., Slater, S.F. and Hult, G.T.M., 2005. The performance implications of fit
among business strategy, marketing organization structure, and strategic
behavior. Journal of Marketing, 69(3), pp.49-65.
Powell, C., Lovallo, D., & Fox, C. (2011). Behavioral strategy. Strategic Management
Journal, 32(13), 1369-1386.
Pittino, D and Visintin, F. 2009, "Innovation and Strategic Types of Family SME. A Test
And Extension of Miles and Snow’s Configurational Model", Journal Enterprising
Culture, 6(4):257-295.
Pil, F.K. and Rothenberg, S., 2003. Environmental performance as a driver of superior
quality. Production and operations management, 12(3), pp.404-415.
Quddu, H., Al-Sebawi, A.,and Abboudi, S., 2007. The Effect of Organizational Culture on
Determining the Strategic Behavior of Senior Management: A Field Study in a
Sample of Joint-Stock Industrial Companies. Journal of Futuristic Research, (18),
45-76.
Ringrose, D., 2013. Development of an organizational excellence framework. The TQM
Journal Development, 25(4), 441–452. http://doi.org/10.1108/17542731311314917.
Roberts, P.W. and Dowling, G.R., 2000, August. reputation and sustained superior
financial performance. In Academy of Management Proceedings (Vol. 2000, No.
1, pp. M1-M6). Briarcliff Manor, NY 10510: Academy of Management.
Ringle, C. M., Wende, S., and Becker, J.-M. 2015. SmartPLS 3. Bonningstedt: SmartPLS.
Journal of Service Science and Management, 10(3), pp.32-49.
Robson, D., Sadler, P., & Newman, G. 2014. Carbon sequestered in UK forest products
and wood-based panels in construction: helping to meet UK’s greenhouse gas
emission reduction targets. International Wood Products Journal, 5(3), 139-145.
Smith, J., and Fingar, C. 2003. Business Process Management: The Third wave. Florida:
Meghan-Kiffer Press.184
Selya, A. S., Rose, J. S., Dierker, L. C., Hedeker, D.,and Mermelstein, R. J. 2012. A
practical guide to calculating Cohen’sf 2, a measure of local effect size, from PROC
MIXED. Frontiers in Psychology, 3, 111.
Shelton, C.; Darling, J, and Walker, W., 2010. Foundations of Organizational Excellence:
Leadership Values, Strategies, and Skills, LTA, Vol.1, No.2.
Valliappan R. and Chetty, Phung, S., 2018. "Conceptualizing the Application for
Ethereum Blockchains: Front End Application Development". Eurasian
Journal of Analytical Chemistry 13 no. 6 emEJAC181124.
Wulf, T., Stubner ,S., and Blarr,W. 2010. Ambidexterity and Concept of Fit in Strategic
Management – Which Better Predicts Success? Annual Conference of the European
Academy of Management, 19(22), 243-271.
Published
2023-02-04
How to Cite
Omar, Z., & Yousif , M. (2023). The effect of strategic behavior typology on organizational excellence: “A study of the opinions of the heads of scientific departments in a number of private universities in the kurdistan region of Iraq”. Humanities Journal of University of Zakho, 11(1), 32–49. https://doi.org/10.26436/hjuoz.2023.11.1.1001
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