Humanities Journal of University of Zakho

THE UPRISING OF THE GULAN REVOLUTION IN BAHDINAN AND ITS OUTCOMES (1976–1978)

Hujeen M. Taher, Hoger T. Tawfiq — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The Gulan Revolution uprising in Bahdinan is considered a significant event in Kurdish national history. After the collapse of the Aylol Revolution, the PDK made efforts on various levels to establish a temporary headquarters in the Bahdinan area in preparation for a new uprising. One of their first steps was to reorganize in villages and towns. They, then, set up a temporary headquarters, and during the establishment of their groups, they launched the revolution, initiating attacks in Sindi, Guli, northern Barwari, and Nerway. These attacks targeted Iraqi government military stations. Since Turkey adopted a policy of indifference, the revolution's focal point was Bahdinan. This research addresses several key questions: How did the PDK’s temporary headquarters help people recover from the fallout of the Aylol Revolution? Under these circumstances, how were they able to reorganize? How did they manage to re-establish their checkpoints? What steps did the PDK take to trigger the revolution? What strategies were used to secure its establishment? What was the Iraqi government’s response to the PDK’s groups? How did the Ba'ath government oppose the revolution and the Kurds?

EMOTIONAL ATTRACTION IN ELECTION CAMPAIGN ADVERTISING

Payman A. Saeed — Wed, 07 May 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Emotion is a state of feeling versus perception that arises from all five senses. Emotion and reason are two basic pillars of human thought that have an influential role in behavior. Emotion is more effective and takes less time to persuade and change direction and attitudes, so it is used as an important factor in election campaign advertisements. Election advertising has great importance in politics, especially during elections, where parties and candidates try to influence the public and win their votes by advertising themselves through mass communication channels. Such as television, radio, internet, newspapers, magazines, posters, etc. In the context of the sixth round of the Kurdistan Regional Government parliamentary elections, emotional appeal was strategically employed in candidates’ and party lists’ advertisements to garner public support. The primary objective of electoral advertising is to align with public interests, with the overarching aim of influencing voter behavior and encouraging participation in the electoral process.

DEVIATION AND PARALLELISM IN LONGFELLOW’S THE RAINY DAY: A STYLISTIC STUDY

Wirya A. Ameen , Mohammed H. Ahmed — Wed, 11 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The present paper is an attempt to analyze Longfellow’s ‘The Rainy Day’ (1842) from the perspective of parallelism and deviation which are two stylistic tools utilized to unravel the intention behind any given literary work. These stylistic devices are said to have been utilized by writers as strategies to establish a hierarchy of meanings and themes in the text, bringing some to the fore, shifting others to the background, or repeating some structural features here and there. The procedure adopted is analyzing the poem under study, which consists of three stanzas, in the light of the above mentioned stylistic devices, highlighting their role in revealing the poet’s intention behind this literary work. The paper has come out with certain conclusions, such as that the poet utilizes parallelism to convey the cyclic repetition of natural and social events which often cause boredom and monotony; internal deviation is utilized by the writer to result in a contrast between an idea expressed in the first two stanzas, and another stated in the third. The paper rounds off with a list of the references from which inspirations have been taken.

A LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS OF RHETORICAL MOVES IN WRITING REQUEST EMAILS AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

Chiayee Kh. Faqe , Kurdistan R. Moheddin — Sun, 15 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0300

This study investigates the linguistic analysis of rhetorical moves of request strategies in writing emails among Kurdish university students engaged in an academic setting at Soran University. That is, how Kurdish university students structure and phrase request emails in English, focusing on the rhetorical moves they use to make their requests polite, clear, and persuasive. In fact, little is known about the specific challenges Kurdish university students face. By analyzing these students' rhetorical patterns, the study aims to improve our understanding of their communication needs and support more effective instruction for writing request emails in academic settings. This study adopts Swales' (1990) theory to analyze the data qualitatively and explore the rhetorical moves of request emails from a linguistic framework. For this purpose, fourteen emails were found in the researchers’ workplace emails. For the sake of data analysis, the researchers used a genre-based approach. All the email senders were Kurdish university learners of English as a foreign language. The findings revealed that though students tend to employ rhetorical moves, when communicating in English as a second language—especially when making requests via email. The current study also adds to the existing literature in the field of pure linguistics, offering insights into linguistic awareness that can be found in other scholarly works. It also highlights that Kurdish university students can easily communicate digitally in this technological era as academics once they acquire English language as a second language.

PATRIOTIC THEATER: A STUDY OF GHARBI MUSTAFA’S LEYLA, THE KURDISH BRIDE & W.B. YEATS’ CATHLEEN NI HOULIHAN

Diyar H. Kurdi, Chiad A. Abdulkarim — Tue, 17 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The present study is an attempt to examine the representation of patriotism and nationalism in Irish and Kurdish plays. Specifically, the researcher deals with two dramas one penned by the Kurdish playwright Gharbi Mustafa, and the other by the Irish dramatist William Butler Yeats. Their stage plays, Mustafa’s Leyla, The Kurdish Bride (2010), and Yeats’ Cathleen Ni Houlihan (1902), have been taken into account in order to analyze how the two aforesaid plays are patriotic in nature. For the purpose of achieving the aim of the study, i.e., investigating expressions of national pride and belonging, a careful attention is given to specific symbols, motifs, characterizations, and narratives present in the opted scripts. The analysis of the study signifies that Yeats makes use of an Irish myth-derived figure, namely Cathleen who, in reality, is an incarnation of Ireland, to depict national identity and political conflicts. Meanwhile, Mustafa fictionalizes the true events of a Kurdish martyr, Leyla Qasim, to enlighten the Kurdish case and how the Kurds have been deprived of their privileges for ages. The two dramatic works thematize persecution, foreign oppression, a longing for freedom among other related themes. The paper comes to the conclusion that although these two plays are written over a century apart, yet in tandem they shed light on political oppression, a wish to be free, and national belonging.