IRANIAN POLICY TOWARD THE ARABIAN GULF DURING THE REIGN OF REZA SHAH PAHLAVI 1926 - 1941

Abstract

The significance of this research lies in its examination of Iranian policy toward the Arabian Gulf during the reign of Reza Shah Pahlavi (1926 - 1941). The strategic geopolitical importance of the Arabian Gulf, both historically and in contemporary times, is rooted in several factor. Among them is the geographic location within the broader Middle East, alongwith its vast economic potential, particularly as one of the world’s most important oil-producing regions. As a major regional power in the Middle East and specifically in the Arabian Gulf Iran has, by virtue of its considerable economic, military, and demographic capabilities, played varying roles in the Gulf region. This was especially evident during the period from 1926 to 1941, which marked the beginning of a new phase in Iran’s relations with the Arab states, Emirates, and sheikhdoms bordering the Gulf, following Reza Shah Pahlavi’s ascension to power. This era was characterized by a complex interplay of historical ties and geographical proximity, with Iran’s relations with the Gulf states alternating between periods of tension and relative normalcy. Given the importance of this subject, the research aims to provide an accurate and realistic portrayal of Iranian policy toward the Arabian Gulf during this historical period. It highlights Iran’s efforts to assert a regional role in pursuit of political and economic gains. Additionally, the study seeks to serve as a modest academic contribution to a relatively underexplored area of historical inquiry, particularly within universities in the Kurdistan Region, and to shed light on the political and economic consequences of Iranian policies during this era.