كاریگهرییا زمانێ ئێكێ لسهر بهرههم ئینانا هێزا زمانێ ئینگلیزى ژلایێ فێرخازێن كوردێن بههدینى ڤه
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26436/hjuoz.2023.11.4.1242الكلمات المفتاحية:
فێرخازین ئینگلیزى یێن كوردێن بههدینى,كاریگهرییا زمانێ ئێكێ, بهرههم ئینانا هێزا پهیڤێ.الملخص
ڤهكولینێن سهرهكى لسهر فێربونا فونولوجیا زمانێ دووێ دههڤرانه كو زمانێ ئێكێ رولهكێ گرنگ ههیه د فێربون و ب كارئینانا زمانێ دووێ دا. ئهڤ ڤهكولینه یێ هاتى ئهنجامدان لسهر فێرخازێن زمانێ ئینگلیزى یێن كوردێن بههدینى دا كو لیكولینێ بكت لسهر چهوانیا كاریگهرییا سالوخهتێن فونولوجى یێن هێزێ/سترێسێ یا پهیڤا كوردى لسهر هێزا پهیڤا ئینگلیزى, ئهڤه د دهمهكێ دا كو جهێ هێزێ د ههردوو زمانا دا ژێك جودانه. دهاته پێشبینى كرن كو فێرخازێن كورد دێ توشى ئاستهنگا بن ل دهمێ فێربونا هێزا ئینگلیزى, ههروهسا ئهو دێ گهلهك جاران هێزێ دهینن سهر برگا دوماهیێ یا پهیڤێن ئینگلیزى ههروهكى چهوا د زمانێ كوردى دا هێز دكهڤیته سهر برگا دوماهیێ. 30 فێرخاز ژ فاكولتیا زانستێن مروڤایهتى پشكا زمانێ ئینگلیزى بهشداربین دڤێ ڤهكولینێ دا. فێرخازێن پشكدار تاقیكرنا دهربرینێ ئهنجامدان كو پێك دهات ژ خاندنا 48 پهیڤێن ئینگلیزى یێن جیاواز د پولینا رێزمانى دا و جیاواز د جهێ هێزێ دا و جیاواز د پێكهاتنا مورفیمێ دا. دهربرینێن وان هاتن توماركرن و گوهداریكرن وپاشان هاتن هنارتن بو دوو پسپورێن فونولوجى دا كو ب درستاهى جهێ هێزێ ئاماژه پێ بدن دخاندنێن فێرخازان دا. ئهنجامان هوسا دا دیاركرن كو فێرخازێن كورد نهشیان هێزێ دهینن سهر برگا درست یا پهیڤێن ئینگلیزى ژ ههمى جورا: یێن ساده و دارشتى و لێكداى. زێدهبارى هندێ, ڤهگوهێزا زمانى دخاندنا پهیڤێن تاقیكرنێ دا رون و ئاشكرا نه بى چونكى وان فێرخازا هێز نه دهینا سهر برگا دوماهیێ یا پهیڤێن ئینگلیزى. ههروهسا فێرخازین كورد د بێ ئاگهه بین ژ یاسایێن هێزا ئینگلیزى و چهوانیا بكارئینانا وێ و ئهو گوتنا پهیڤێن ئینگلیزى ب درستى فێرنهبینه.ئهنجامان دیاركر كو گوتنا خهلهت یا پهیڤان و بهشێن پهیڤان و كیماسیا زانیارییا لسهر یاسایێن هێزێ د ئینگلیزى دا هوكارێن سهرهكی یێن خهلهت دهینانا هێزێ یه لسهر پهیڤێن ئینگلیزى.
المراجع
- Abdullah,A.N. and Ali,S.S. (2019). Phonology. Hewler: Hivi.
- Ahmed, A. R. (1986). The Phonemic System of Modern Standard Kurdish. Unpublished Ph.D Thesis. University of Michigan.
- Almbark, R.; Bouchhioua, N. and Hellmuth, S. (2014). Acquiring the Phonetics and Phonology of English Word Stress: Comparing Learners from Different L1 Backgrounds. In Proceedings of the International Symposium on the Acquisition of second language speech, Concordia working papers in Applied Linguistics (Vol.5,pp.19-35.2014).
- Alzi'abi, S. E. (2022). Arab EFL Learners’ Stress of Compound Words. Research in Language, 20(1), 85-108. DOI: 10.18778/1731-7533.20.1.0.
- Anderson-Hsieh, J., Johnson, R., & Koehler, K. (1992). The relationship between native speaker judgments of nonnative pronunciation and deviance in segmentals, prosody, and syllable structure. Language Learning, 42(4), 529-555.
- Anderson-Hsieh, J. & H. Venkatagiri. (1994). Syllable duration and pausing in the speech of Chinese ESL speakers. TESOL Quarterly 28 (4), 807-812.
- Archibald, J. (1997). The acquisition of English stress by speakers of nonaccentual languages: Lexical storage versus computation of stress. Linguistics, 35, 167‐182.
- Arienintya, D. (2017). The influence of L1 and L2 in English stress shift production of the EFL learners in Indonesia. KNE Social Sciences, 482-488. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kss.v1i3.770.
- Bian, F. (2013). The Influence of Chinese Stress on English Pronunciation Teaching and Learning. English Language Teaching, 6(11), 199-211. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v6n11p199.
- Celce-Murcia,M., Brinton, D. & Goodwin,J. (1996). Teaching Pronunciation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Cohen, L., Manion, L. & Morrison, K. (2007). Research Methods in Education (6th ed.) London: Routledge.
- Chow, U. Y. (2016). L2 transfer of stress, tones and intonation from Mandarin: a case study. Calgary working papers in linguistics, 29, 19-40. http://hdl.handle.net/1880/51786.Ellis, R. (1999). The study of second language acquisition. Oxford: Oxford university press.
- Felix, S. (1980). Interference, interlanguage and related issues. In S. Felix (ed.), Second language development. Trends and issues, 93-107.
- Flege, J. E. & Bohn, O. S. 1989. An Instrumental study of vowel reduction and stress placement in Spanish-Accented English. University of Alabama, Birmingham, SSLA. 11. 35-62.
- Flege, J. E. & Eefting, W. (1987). Production and perception of English stops by native Spanish learners. Journal of phonetics, 15, 67-83.
- Flege, J. E. & Port, R. (1981). Cross-language phonetic interference: Arabic to English. Language and speech, 24-2, 125-146.
- Flynn, S. and O'Neil. W. (1988). Linguistic theory in second language acquisition. Dordrecht: KAP.
- Fox, A. (2000). Prosodic Features and Prosodic Structure: The phonology of Suprasegmentals. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Gut, U. (2009). Introduction to English phonetics and phonology. Textbooks in English language and linguistics: Volume1. Magnus Huber and joybrato mukherjii. Frankfurt: Peterlang. https://www.pdfdrive.com/introduction-to-english-phonetics-and-phonology-e39993559.html
- Hasan, A. M. (2016). The phonological word and stress-shift in Northern Kurmanji Kurdish. European Scientific Journal, Vol. 12, No. 26, pp 371-399. Available at http://www.eujournal.org/index.php/esj/article/view/8082
- Jaiprasong, S., & Pongpairoj, N. (2020). L2 production of English word stress by L1 Thai learners. LEARN Journal: Language Education and Acquisition Research Network,13(2),142-157. https://so04.tcithaijo.org/index.php/LEARN/article/download/243699/165594
- James, A. (1988), The acquisition of a second language phonology. A linguistic theory of developing sound structures. Tubingen: Gunter Narr.
- Katamba, F. (1989). An introduction to phonology. Essex, England: Longman.
- Khamkhien, A. (2010). Thai learners’ English pronunciation competence: Lesson learned from word stress assignment. Journal of language teaching and research,1(6),757-764. https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/47033296/Thai_Learners_English_
- Kim, J. M. (2017). Prosodic transfer of speech rhythm: Substituting fundamental frequency for vowel duration in Korean learners’ English speech. Studies in English Language and Literature, 43(4), 181-203. http://www.aellk.or.kr/datax/thesis/1602568391.pdf
- Knight, R-A.(2012). Phonetics: A coursebook. Cambridge: Cambridge University press.
- Ladefoged,P. and Disner, S.F. (2012). Vowels and consonants (3rd ed). Sussex, England: Wiley-Blackwell.
- Lieber, R. (2016). Introducing morphology (2nd ed.). Cambridge: CUP.
- Ladefoged, P., & Johnson. (2010). A course in phonetics (6th ed.). Boston: Wadsworth Cengage.
- Lado, R. (1957). Linguistics across cultures: Applied linguistics for language teachers. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan press.
- Low, E.L. (2015). Pronunciation for English as an international language: from research to practice. London: Routledge.
- Ma, C., & Tan, L. (2013). The Negative Transfer of Sichuan Dialect to the Study of English Pronunciation. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 1(1), 1-4. DOI:10.4236/jss.2013.11001
- Major, R. (2011). Foreign accent: the ontogency and phylogency of second language phonology. London: LEA.
- McMahon, A (2002). An Introduction to English Phonology. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
- Mennen, I. (2006). Phonetic and phonological influences in non-native intonation: an overview for language teachers. QMUC Speech Sciences Research Centre Working papers – Edinburgh: Queen Margaret University College.
- Mohammadi, J. (2014). A survey of Kurdish students’ sound segment & syllabic pattern errors in the course of learning EFL. Advances in Language and Literary Studies, 5(3), 18-21. http://journals.aiac.org.au/index.php/alls/article/viewFile/353/295 .
- Mosa, A. K. (2009). Hêz u awaze le diyaliktî kurdî jûrûda (Stress and Intonation in Northern Kurmanji). Hewler: Kurdish Academy Press.
- Mulya, D., & Mujiyanto, J. (2018). The Influence of Serawai Melayunese Dialect Towards Students English Pronunciation. English Education Journal, 8(3), 290-
- Newman, S. S. (1946). On the Stress System of English. WORD. Vol. 2 :3, 171-187, DOI: 10.1080/00437956.1946.11659290.
- Nguyen, T. (2003). Prosodic transfer: The tonal constraints on Vietnamese acquisition of English stress and rhythm (Doctoral dissertation, The University of Queensland).https://www.researchgate.net/publication/34966411_Prosodic_transfer_the_tonal_constraints_of_Vietnamese_acquisition_of_English_stress_rhythm
- Odlin, T. (1989). Language transfer: Crosslinguistic influence in language learning. Cambridge: CUP
- Oxford dictionary. V. 15.4.301. 2022. https://apps.apple.com/app/id978674211
- Qadir, S. (1983). The Phonology and Phonetics of Kurdish. Unpublished MA Thesis. University of Essex.
- Quirk, R., Greenbaum, S., Leech, G., & Svartvik, J. (1972). A grammar of contemporary English. London: Longman
- Rasier, L. and Hiligsmann, P. (2007). Prosodic transfer from L1 to L2. Theoretical and methodological issues. Nouveaux cahiers de linguistique française 28, 41-66. https://clf.unige.ch/files/9814/4102/7519/03-Rasier_nclf28.pdf
- Reetz, H. and Jongman,A. (2009). Phonetics: transcription, production, acoustics, and perception. Sussex , England: Willey-Blackwell.
- Roach, P. (2009). English Phonetics and Phonology: A practical course.(4th ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Roach, P. (2000). English Phonetics and Phonology. A practical Course. (3rd ed). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Sa'di, R., Sharadgah, T., & Yaseen, M. (2022). Stress Misassignment in the Pronunciation of English by Arabic-Speaking Learners: Erratic Practice or Crosslinguistic Influence. International Journal of Arabic-English Studies, 22(1), 79-100. https://doi.org/10.33806/ijaes2000.22.1.5
- Shokri, N. (2002). Syllable structure and stress in Bahdinani Kurdish, language typology and universals, Vol 55, No 1. In Geoffrey Haig and Yaron Matras's Kurdish Linguistics. pp. 80-97.
- Shumin, K. (1997). Factors to consider: developing adult EFL students’ speaking abilities. Forum 25 (3), 8.
- Smith, J. & Margolis, A. (2012). English for academic study: Pronunciation. University of Reading, UK: Garnet.
- Skandera,P and Burleigh,P. 2005. A Manual of English Phonetics and Phonology: twelve Lessons with an Integrated Course in Phonetic Transcription. Gunter Narr: Tubingen.
- Stageberg,N. (1981). An Introductory English Grammar (4th ed.). Florida: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
- Tangtorrith, N., & Pongpairoj, N. (2022). Systematicity of L2 interlanguage of stress assignment in English compound nouns and phrasal verbs by L1 Thai learners. LEARN Journal: Language Education and Acquisition Research Network, 15(1), 33- 63.
- Trofimovitch, P. & Baker, W (2006), Learning second language suprasegmentals: Effects of L1 experience on prosody and fluency characteristics of L2 speech. Studies in second language acquisition: 28-1, 1-30.
- Ueyama, M. (2000). Prosodic transfer: An acoustic study of L2 English vs. L2 Japanese. University of California, Los Angeles. http://phonetics.linguistics.ucla.edu/research/ueyama.pdf
- Van Coetsem, F. (1988). Loan phonology and the two transfer types in language contact. Dordrecht: Foris.
- Vafaei, L., Sadeghpour, M., & Hassani, M. T. (2013). The effect of stress pattern on Iranian English language learners' pronunciation. International Journal of English Language Education, 1(3), 198-207. https://doi.org/10.5296/ijele.v1i3.4011
- Weda, S. (2012). Stress shifts of English utterances made by Indonesian speakers of English (ISE). International Journal of English Linguistics, 2(4), 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v2n4p23
- Weinreich, U. (1953). Languages in contact. The Hague: Mouton de Gruyter.
- White, C.M. (1981). Mandarin tone and English intonation: a contrastive analysis. University Libraries, University of Arizona. https://repository.arizona.edu/bitstream/handle/10150/557400/AZU_TD
- YavaȘ, M.(2011). Applied English phonology (2nd ed.). Willey black.
- Zsiga,E. (2013). The sounds of language: an introduction to phonetics and phonology. Sussex, England: Wiley-Black
التنزيلات
منشور
كيفية الاقتباس
إصدار
القسم
الرخصة
الحقوق الفكرية (c) 2023 Mazheen H. Mohammad , Aveen M. Hasan
هذا العمل مرخص بموجب Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
يوافق المؤلفين الذين ينشرون في هذه المجلة على المصطلحات التالية
[CC BY-NC-SA 4.0] يحتفظ المؤلفون بحقوق الطبع والنشر ومنح حق المجلة في النشر الأول مع العمل المرخص له بموجب ترخيص مشاع المبدع للإسناد
الذي يسمح للآخرين بمشاركة العمل مع الإقرار بحقوق التأليف والنشر الأولي في هذا مجلة
مكن للمؤلفين الدخول في ترتيبات إضافية منفصلة للتوزيع غير الحصري للنسخة المنشورة من المجلة، مع الإقرار بإصدارها الأولي في هذه المجلة
يسمح ويشجع المؤلفين على نشر عملهم عبر الإنترنت