The Role of Formal and Informal Institutions in Public Policy Making

Abstract

The policy-making process is a very complex because of the multiplicity of actors involved in. There are formal and informal institutions which participate in this process. Formal public policymakers include three brunches such as; (legislative, executive, and judicial) and informal public policymakers such as; (interest groups, political parties, and public opinion) are increasing and decreasing their role and influence rely on the existing political system and the existing political environment. The brunches (legislative, executive and judicial) play the main role in public policy-making in democratic regimes, and informal public policymakers (interest groups, political parties, and public opinion) have a significant and influential role in policy-making in these regimes. In undemocratic regimes, the hegemony of public policy-making is unilaterally represented by executive brunch. The roles of the legislative and judicial brunches are absent. With regards to the informal public policymakers and their roles are almost disappear in these regimes because they do not have the obvious roles to be mentioned, and they are Jus tools for these regimes.